EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge
type: channel
description: EKSIGMA es una revista científica de divulgación dedicada a la publicación de artículos en las áreas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Promueve la difusión del conocimiento académico mediante procesos de revisión por pares y publicación electrónica.
language: en
publication name: EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge
issn: 3121-2689
items: Análisis del despliegue de la 5G y sus tecnologías emergentes en América Latina
items: Optimización de la red GPON en un cantón urbano
items: Low-cost automation for improving reliability in institutional hydropneumatic systems: a case study in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
items: Editorial Management, Publishing, Index
items: Intercultural governance and disaster risk management: The Siona case in Ecuador
items: Impact Assessment of a Functional Training Program on Upper Body Strength and Performance of Under-15 Youth Goalkeepers: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Esmeraldas
items: Impact of an Adapted Sports Program on Social Inclusion and Community Cohesion: A Case Study in the Las Mercedes Sector, San Lorenzo Canton
items: Analysis of the Impact of an Automated IP Telephony System on Internal Communication in a Higher Education Institution
items: Smart Home Design and Security in the Province of Esmeraldas – Los Girasoles Residential Area
items: Bibliographic review on the evolution of marketing communication: challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurial ventures in an Ecuadorian city
items: Urban Traffic Noise Reduction through Behavioral Interventions: Implications for Educational Environments
items: Management of Non-Hazardous Solid Waste and Community Environmental Education: Empirical Evidence from the La Floresta Neighborhood
items: Design and Analysis of a LoRaWAN Network for Emergency Vehicle Communication in Urban Environments
items: Improvement Plan for Internet Use, Based on Parental Control Management, for 5th-7th Grade Children at UEF "Guale", Cantón Paján, Manabí
items: Application of Remote Diagnostic Techniques for Computer Equipment Maintenance: A Study in Higher Education
items: Comparative Evaluation of Standards and Economic Analysis in the Implementation of Large-Scale BESS Systems
items: Situational awareness in Ecuador’s distribution networks using µPMUs
items: Proposal for a Green IT Model for the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello Based on ISO/IEC 38500 and 14000 Standards en las normas ISO/IEC 38500 y 14000
items: Implementation of RFID technology for locker control and security in educational environments: The case of the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello.
items: Hardware Virtualization with Proxmox for Remote Access of Students in the Assembly and Maintenance of Computer Equipment Program at the Luis Tello Technological Institute
items: Evaluation of Quality in Use of a Virtual Learning Environment Based on ISO 25000

Análisis del despliegue de la 5G y sus tecnologías emergentes en América Latina
type: item
description: This article analyzes 5G deployment and emerging technologies in Latin America through a documentary review of scientific literature, technical reports, and institutional sources published between 2021 and 2025. A qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach was used to characterize regional progress, identify enabling technologies, recognize use cases, and examine barriers related to spectrum, infrastructure, investment, and regulation. The information was organized through extraction matrices and thematic categories associated with commercial deployment, private networks, the digital ecosystem, sectoral applications, and adoption conditions. The findings show a heterogeneous regional process: Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay display higher relative maturity in deployment, pilots, or application ecosystems, while other countries advance through spectrum allocation, technical trials, public-private partnerships, and targeted projects. The emerging technologies most closely associated with 5G include massive MIMO, software-defined networking, virtualization, edge computing, network slicing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and private industrial networks. The main use cases are concentrated in industry, healthcare, education, logistics, agriculture, smart cities, and rural connectivity. It is concluded that 5G is a strategic infrastructure for Latin American digital transformation, although its impact will depend on efficient spectrum policies, sustained investment, fiber-optic expansion, technical capacity building, and the reduction of territorial gaps.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 5G
  topic: keywords
subject: América Latina
  topic: keywords
subject: tecnologías emergentes
  topic: keywords
subject: ecosistema digital
  topic: keywords
subject: telecomunicaciones
  topic: keywords
subject: transformación digital
  topic: keywords
creator: Narda Jineth Ortiz Campos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 26
ending page: 37

Optimización de la red GPON en un cantón urbano
type: item
description: This research addresses the growing demand for connectivity in urban areas, where limitations in coverage, stability, and quality of Internet service persist. The objective is to optimize CNT EP's GPON network in an urban canton through an analysis of its infrastructure, performance, and management. A mixed-method methodology with a descriptive and cross-sectional design was applied, combining documentary review, technical observation, user surveys, and an interview with the network manager and administrator. The results revealed splitter saturation, high optical losses, lack of network reserves, and coverage deficiencies in expansion sectors. In response, the study proposes a topology redesign, redistribution of optical splitters, network expansion, incorporation of reserves, and proactive monitoring tools. It is concluded that technical optimization improves service scalability and reliability; therefore, progressive implementation and future extension of the model to a broader sample are recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fibra óptica
  topic: keywords
subject: red de telecomunicaciones
  topic: keywords
subject: desarrollo urbano
  topic: keywords
subject: planificación
  topic: keywords
creator: José Vera-Rivera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 6
ending page: 25

Low-cost automation for improving reliability in institutional hydropneumatic systems: a case study in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
type: item
description: This study addresses the improvement of the reliability and continuity of the water supply service at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, located in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, through the implementation of a low-cost automated hydropneumatic system. The intervention consisted of the design and integration of an electrical control system with programmed alternation of pumps, protection against electrical failures, and monitoring of water level and pressure. The methodological approach was descriptive and explanatory, focusing on the functional evaluation of the system before and after automation. The results showed significant improvements in water pressure, especially in the higher floors of the building, with an increase of up to 175%. Additionally, the protection system against electrical failures prevented damage to the equipment and ensured operational continuity. Automation resulted in a 40% reduction in operational costs, mainly due to energy savings and reduced maintenance costs. However, areas for improvement were identified, such as the lack of continuous monitoring, which could be addressed in future research by integrating IoT technologies and remote monitoring.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: automated hydropneumatic systems
  topic: keywords
subject: operational reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: electrical control
  topic: keywords
subject: resource optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: preventive maintenance
  topic: keywords
creator: Erick Paúl Mera Otoya
creator: Franklin Gregory Tello Canchingre
creator: Wilfrido Iván Mendoza Proaño
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-15
publication date: 2025-01-15
starting page: 34
ending page: 49

Editorial Management, Publishing, Index
type: item
description: Estimada comunidad científica, Es un honor presentar el Volumen 2, Número 1 de la Revista EKSIGMA, correspondiente al primer trimestre de 2026. Esta edición recoge investigaciones significativas que abordan una variedad de desafíos contemporáneos en los campos de la tecnología, la educación, el deporte y la gestión de riesgos, con un enfoque aplicado a soluciones reales. El primer artículo, titulado "Diseño de casa inteligente y seguridad en la provincia de Esmeraldas, Ciudadela Los Girasoles", presenta una solución tecnológica de seguridad residencial inteligente para el barrio Los Girasoles en Esmeraldas. Este estudio propone un sistema de control de acceso inteligente basado en tecnologías IoT (Internet de las Cosas), adaptado a las condiciones socioeconómicas limitadas de la comunidad, con el objetivo de mejorar la seguridad en los hogares mediante un enfoque accesible y funcional. Los resultados demostraron que esta tecnología, a pesar de los desafíos, es viable y puede implementarse a bajo costo, ofreciendo una mejora considerable en la seguridad de la zona El segundo artículo titulado "Análisis del impacto de un sistema de telefonía IP automatizado en la comunicación interna de una institución de educación superior" evalúa la implementación de un sistema de telefonía IP (VoIP) en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior Luis Tello. A través de encuestas antes y después de la implementación del sistema, se demuestra que VoIP mejoró significativamente la calidad de la comunicación interna, con un aumento notable en la satisfacción del personal docente y administrativo. La investigación también confirma que la infraestructura de red y la facilidad de uso del sistema fueron clave para la exitosa adopción de esta tecnología, especialmente en contextos educativos con recursos limitados El tercer artículo, "Programa de fuerza funcional para arqueros sub-15 de la selección de fútbol de Esmeraldas: evaluación de la efectividad", aborda la importancia de la fuerza del tren su…
subject: Editorial Information
  topic: section
subject: Información
  topic: keywords
creator: Editorial Índice Gestión Editorial
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: I
ending page: IV

Intercultural governance and disaster risk management: The Siona case in Ecuador
type: item
description: The implementation of intercultural approaches in disaster risk management represents a major challenge for public administration in plurinational states. In Ecuador, the recent approval of the Organic Law on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management incorporates principles of indigenous participation and plurinationality; however, its effective implementation in indigenous territories faces institutional and territorial constraints. A qualitative case study design was adopted, focusing on the Siona nationality located in Sucumbíos province. Documentary analysis of national and international regulations, public policy instruments, and the community Life Plan was conducted. Data were organized through thematic categorization and normative–territorial triangulation. Findings reveal structural gaps across all phases of the disaster risk management cycle, particularly regarding the integration of ancestral knowledge, intercultural adaptation of interventions, and effective participation in recovery processes. The study concludes that normative progress alone does not ensure effective intercultural governance. Strengthening territorial mechanisms of co-responsibility is essential to align legal frameworks with community dynamics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: intercultural governance
  topic: keywords
subject: disaster risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous peoples
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: public policy in Ecuador
  topic: keywords
creator: Beatriz Liliana Dueñas Holguín
creator: José Ricardo Moreno Cevallos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 71
ending page: 81

Impact Assessment of a Functional Training Program on Upper Body Strength and Performance of Under-15 Youth Goalkeepers: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Esmeraldas
type: item
description: The study analyzes the relevance of developing upper-body strength in under-15 soccer goalkeepers, given the lack of specific training programs in local contexts such as Esmeraldas, thereby addressing a gap in the specialized physical preparation of this group. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was adopted. The sample consisted of three under-15 goalkeepers from the Esmeraldas regional team. An initial assessment was conducted using the pull-up test, followed by the implementation of a functional strength training program called Power Archery over eight weeks (three sessions per week). Upper-body strength was evaluated before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using Student’s t-test for dependent samples in SPSS. The results showed increases in the number of pull-ups performed by all goalkeepers across the standard, pronated, and supinated variations. These improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating a consistent increase in functional upper-body strength following the implementation of the program. The findings confirm that a specific functional strength program contributes to improving the performance of youth goalkeepers; however, the small sample size and the absence of a control group are acknowledged as limitations, opening avenues for future research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: functional strength
  topic: keywords
subject: soccer goalkeepers
  topic: keywords
subject: youth training
  topic: keywords
subject: sports performance
  topic: keywords
subject: upper body
  topic: keywords
creator: Dicson Xavier Santillan Chillambo
creator: Ramón Alonso Angulo Caicedo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 82
ending page: 98

Impact of an Adapted Sports Program on Social Inclusion and Community Cohesion: A Case Study in the Las Mercedes Sector, San Lorenzo Canton
type: item
description: Social exclusion in vulnerable community contexts conditions opportunities for participation and places strain on the construction of collective bonds. Within this setting, community sport emerges as a form of social intervention with the capacity to influence processes of integration and cohesion. This study examined the impact of the “Sport for Social Equity” program in the Las Mercedes sector of the San Lorenzo canton, with the aim of understanding its contribution to participants’ experiences of social inclusion. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, with a quasi-experimental design and an intentional sample of 30 participants. The intervention was organized into three articulated stages: a program adaptation phase based on open interviews, the implementation of sports activities over eight weeks, and an evaluation stage using a satisfaction survey with a Likert-type scale. The results indicate an overall favorable assessment, reflected in a general satisfaction average of 4.4, associated with perceived improvements in social interaction, sense of belonging, and community cohesion. Alongside these assessments, structural constraints related to the intensity of the activities and the persistence of pre-existing social tensions are acknowledged, situating the program experience within a field of complexity that opens space for evaluations with a longer temporal scope.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: community sport
  topic: keywords
subject: community cohesion
  topic: keywords
subject: social intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerable contexts
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramón Alonso Angulo Caicedo
creator: Dajumi Valencia Canga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 48
ending page: 70

Analysis of the Impact of an Automated IP Telephony System on Internal Communication in a Higher Education Institution
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the impact of implementing an automated IP telephony system on internal communication in a higher education institution. The adopted methodological approach was quantitative, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Surveys were conducted before and after the VoIP system implementation to assess both the system's performance and the users' perception. The results indicate that the implementation of the VoIP system significantly improved internal communication quality, with a noticeable increase in satisfaction among teaching and administrative staff. 100% of users found the system useful and easy to use, while 93% of respondents rated the call quality as good. Technical tests confirmed that the system met international VoIP quality standards, with an average latency of 15 ms and jitter below 30 ms, ensuring stable communication. The network infrastructure was designed to meet the Institute's needs by optimizing existing resources through the installation of UTP Cat 5 cables and conduits. This study provides evidence of the potential of convergent technologies to improve internal communication in educational institutions with limited resources.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: IP telephony
  topic: keywords
subject: VoIP
  topic: keywords
subject: internal communication
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: network infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Dylan Cesar Meza Bone
creator: Erick Paúl Mera Otoya
creator: Franklin Gregory Tello Canchingre
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 34
ending page: 47

Smart Home Design and Security in the Province of Esmeraldas – Los Girasoles Residential Area
type: item
description: Insecurity in households in the “Los Girasoles” neighborhood of Esmeraldas has revealed a high level of vulnerability in residential access points. This study focuses on the design of an intelligent access control system based on IoT technologies, adapted to a limited socioeconomic context. The research adopted a non-experimental qualitative approach, conducting interviews with 10 residents and validating the design with 3 experts in electronics and home automation. The results show that the design was validated as technically feasible, with an average score of 4.7 in technical feasibility as assessed by the experts. Adaptation to the social context of the neighborhood scored 4.8, highlighting low cost and simplicity of implementation. The designed system has the potential to improve security; however, cost and lack of knowledge represent challenges for widespread implementation. In addition, although the system is viable in a simulated environment, pilot testing is recommended to verify its effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: automation
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: security
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of Things (IoT)
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent access control
  topic: keywords
creator: Nestor Farías Olaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 5
ending page: 33

Bibliographic review on the evolution of marketing communication: challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurial ventures in an Ecuadorian city
type: item
description: The evolution of marketing communication has significantly transformed the way entrepreneurial ventures interact with their markets. The aim of this study was to analyze, from a theoretical perspective, the main changes, challenges, and opportunities associated with this evolution in a local Ecuadorian context. The research adopted a qualitative, descriptive–interpretative approach based on a bibliographic review of scientific articles indexed in the SciELO and Redalyc repositories, published between 2018 and 2024. Content analysis allowed the identification of recurring trends related to the strengthening of digital marketing, the use of digital platforms, and bidirectional communication with consumers. The results show that the adoption of digital strategies contributes to improved brand positioning and entrepreneurial competitiveness, although limitations related to training, technological access, and strategic planning persist. It is concluded that digital marketing communication represents a key strategic axis for the sustainable development of entrepreneurial ventures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: marketing communication
  topic: keywords
subject: digital marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: brand positioning
  topic: keywords
subject: digital communication
  topic: keywords
creator: Jorge Luis González Yannuzzelli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 21
ending page: 33

Urban Traffic Noise Reduction through Behavioral Interventions: Implications for Educational Environments
type: item
description: The increase in vehicular traffic in urban areas has made noise pollution an environmental and public health concern, particularly in educational settings. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community awareness strategy on the reduction of traffic-related noise around the María Auxiliadora Educational Unit in the Esmeraldas canton. A quantitative study with a pre-experimental before–after design was conducted, considering four critical acoustic impact points. Sound pressure levels were measured using a Class 2 sound level meter, applying the 15-second Leq method before and after the intervention, and were compared with current Ecuadorian environmental regulations. Initial results showed noise levels ranging from 70 to 76 dB, exceeding the maximum permissible limits for educational areas. After implementing the awareness campaign aimed at drivers and pedestrians, a significant reduction in noise levels was observed, with an average value of 53.48 dB, complying with regulatory standards. The findings indicate that community awareness campaigns represent an effective, low-cost, and feasible strategy for mitigating traffic noise pollution in urban educational environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: noise pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: vehicular traffic noise
  topic: keywords
subject: community awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: educational environments
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental regulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jorge Quintero
creator: Ana María Castillo Cobeña
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-01-15
publication date: 2025-01-15
starting page: 5
ending page: 20

Editorial Management, Publishing, Index
type: item
description: Estimada comunidad científica, Es un honor presentar el Volumen 1, Número 2 de la Revista EKSIGMA, correspondiente al segundo trimestre del año 2025, una edición que consolida el compromiso de la revista con la divulgación de investigaciones aplicadas orientadas a la solución de problemáticas reales en los ámbitos tecnológico, educativo, ambiental y social. En este número se reúnen estudios que abordan desafíos contemporáneos clave, tales como la transición energética, el mantenimiento tecnológico en educación superior, la seguridad digital infantil, la comunicación inteligente en contextos de emergencia y la gestión sostenible de residuos sólidos. Cada uno de los artículos incluidos aporta evidencia científica, metodologías rigurosas y propuestas aplicables, fortaleciendo el diálogo entre la investigación académica y las necesidades del entorno. El primer artículo presenta un análisis comparativo de normativas y costos en la implementación de sistemas BESS de gran capacidad, evaluando estándares internacionales como IEEE, NFPA, UL e IEC, y contrastando alternativas de instalación subterránea y aérea. Este estudio constituye un aporte relevante para la toma de decisiones técnicas y económicas en proyectos de almacenamiento energético, especialmente en contextos urbanos y rurales en proceso de transición hacia energías renovables. El segundo trabajo analiza la aplicación de técnicas de diagnóstico remoto para el mantenimiento de equipos informáticos en educación superior, evidenciando mejoras significativas en la eficiencia operativa, reducción del tiempo de inactividad y optimización del soporte técnico. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan la importancia de integrar herramientas de acceso remoto y monitoreo como parte de las estrategias de gestión tecnológica institucional. El tercer artículo desarrolla un plan de mejora en el uso de internet basado en la gestión de control parental, dirigido a estudiantes de Educación General Básica. A través de un enfoque mixto, el …
subject: Editorial Information
  topic: section
subject: Editorial
  topic: keywords
subject: Índice Gestión Editorial
  topic: keywords
creator: Editorial Índice Gestión Editorial
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: I
ending page: IV

Management of Non-Hazardous Solid Waste and Community Environmental Education: Empirical Evidence from the La Floresta Neighborhood
type: item
description: The improper management of solid waste in the neighborhood of <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">La Floresta is a problem that affects the environment; therefore, reducing its excessive accumulation is a priority. This situation highlighted the need to implement an environmental education program that would actively involve the community in proper waste management. This research adopted a mixed methodological approach, combining exploratory and descriptive research. Surveys were administered to 142 residents, and the solid waste generated in the area was characterized. The results indicated an average daily waste generation of 71 kg, while 61% of residents were not familiar with environmental education and 53% did not apply environmental care practices, leading to negative impacts due to improper waste disposal. After the implementation of the program, with a participation rate of 90% of the residents, a substantial improvement in waste management was observed, as 93.8% of participants demonstrated adequate knowledge and approval of proper waste handling practices. Environmental education proved to be crucial in promoting sustainable practices and is consistent with previous studies that highlight its effectiveness. Overall, the education program was successful in raising awareness and improving waste management practices within the community, providing valuable insights into the importance of continuous education for environmental sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: solid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: non-hazardous solid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental education
  topic: keywords
subject: soil contamination
  topic: keywords
creator: Angie Ruiz
creator: Ana Castillo Cobeña
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 74
ending page: 93

Design and Analysis of a LoRaWAN Network for Emergency Vehicle Communication in Urban Environments
type: item
description: The great progress in technology and evolution of mobile communications systems and advanced networks have led to the use of wireless sensor networks -WSN-, which are characterized by their absence of wiring, scalability and low power consumption, The main objective of this study consisted in the design of a WSN detailing the main components to establish an infrastructure oriented to the communication of vehicles in emergency cases in the city of Esmeraldas, the present investigation was carried out through a deep bibliographic collection with a systematic and analytical approach, in the elaboration of the design of the sensor network two factors had to be taken into account, The type of communication, which was based on LoraWAN network architecture, and the maximum coverage radius, where the Okumura-Hata 231 model was used. Once the coverage was determined, the scope was tested using the CupCarbon program to determine the number of gateways to be used, and Radio Mobile to predict the performance of the radio link system, The results obtained for the maximum coverage radius was 1.52km, determining that to achieve a total range in the city of Esmeraldas 6 gateways should be placed, where the data transmission is achieved, however the Radio Mobile application showed in the simulation that there are places where the coverage was not achieved due to the buildings and mountainous areas of the place.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: WSN
  topic: keywords
subject: transport
  topic: keywords
subject: LPwan
  topic: keywords
subject: LoraWan
  topic: keywords
subject: simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Carlos Mosquera Bone
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 56
ending page: 73

Improvement Plan for Internet Use, Based on Parental Control Management, for 5th-7th Grade Children at UEF "Guale", Cantón Paján, Manabí
type: item
description: Today education has changed dramatically due to the fact that the teaching-learning process is mediated by the Internet, however, this represents a risk for the safety and health of children. This article aims to develop a plan to improve the use of the internet, based on Parental Control Management, aimed at children from 5th-7th grade in Basic General Education (EGB) of the “Guale” Educational Unit, Cantón Paján, Manabi. The mixed approach study used a survey which was validated by applying Cronbach's alpha test, this served to identify the context of the research, which showed that 70.5% of the parents did not use a control software parental, which showed a low knowledge about the use of the internet and the management of parental control. The execution of an improvement plan that involves raising awareness and learning will reduce the risk generated by the lack of parental control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Internet use
  topic: keywords
subject: parental control
  topic: keywords
subject: digital education
  topic: keywords
subject: child safety
  topic: keywords
subject: parental management
  topic: keywords
creator: Nay Mojarrango-Perlaza
creator: Juan Borbor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 35
ending page: 55

Application of Remote Diagnostic Techniques for Computer Equipment Maintenance: A Study in Higher Education
type: item
description: Timely maintenance of computer equipment is a key factor in ensuring the continuity of academic activities in higher education institutions. In this context, remote diagnostics emerges as an alternative for optimizing technical support processes. The study adopted a qualitative approach with empirical support, based on semi-structured interviews with technical staff and the operational implementation of remote diagnostics on ten computer systems intensively used for academic purposes, using remote access and system performance monitoring tools. The results show an average reduction of 35% in equipment downtime, as well as improvements in response times and early fault detection, without interrupting academic activities. It is concluded that remote diagnostics is a viable strategy for improving the efficiency of computer maintenance, although its effectiveness depends on technological infrastructure, remote access security, and staff training.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: remote diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: computer maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: technical support
  topic: keywords
subject: technological infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcel Pérez
creator: Darwin Tapia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 18
ending page: 34

Comparative Evaluation of Standards and Economic Analysis in the Implementation of Large-Scale BESS Systems
type: item
description: The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, has created a need for efficient energy storage systems, such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This paper provides a comparative evaluation of the most relevant international standards, such as IEEE 1547, NFPA 855, UL 9540, and IEC 60287, and their impact on the design and implementation of large-scale BESS systems. Additionally, an economic analysis is conducted regarding the costs associated with the installation of underground versus overhead systems, evaluating aspects such as durability, energy efficiency, and safety. Through an extensive review of literature and existing case studies, the paper offers a detailed insight into best practices and operational challenges in integrating BESS into modern electrical grids. The results indicate that while underground installation presents higher initial costs, it offers advantages in terms of safety and longevity, whereas overhead systems may be more cost-effective in environments with lower environmental risks. This analysis provides key recommendations for optimizing the deployment of BESS systems in urban and rural infrastructures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BESS
  topic: keywords
subject: energy storage
  topic: keywords
subject: international standards
  topic: keywords
subject: economic analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: underground systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Jesús Heriberto Méndez Duran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-05-15
publication date: 2025-05-15
starting page: 5
ending page: 17

Editorial Management, Publishing, Index
type: item
description: Estimada comunidad científica, Es un honor para nosotros, como parte del equipo editorial de EKSIGMA, presentarles el Volumen 1, Número 1, correspondiente al tercer trimestre del año 2025. En esta edición inaugural, destacamos avances significativos en diversos campos de la ciencia y la tecnología. Hemos seleccionado con rigurosidad artículos que abordan la implementación de tecnología RFID para el control y seguridad de casilleros en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, utilizando el microcontrolador ESP32 y el lector RFID RC522 para mejorar la gestión de acceso y seguridad; el diseño de un modelo Green IT para el mismo instituto, basado en las normas ISO/IEC 38500 e ISO 14000, con el objetivo de reducir el impacto ecológico de las TIC y optimizar la eficiencia energética y la gestión de residuos electrónicos; la virtualización de hardware con Proxmox para facilitar el acceso remoto a equipos virtualizados en el ISTLT, superando las limitaciones de hardware obsoleto y mejorando la calidad educativa; la evaluación de la calidad en uso de un Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje basado en la norma ISO/IEC 25022, aplicado a la plataforma Moodle del ISTLT, para diagnosticar la efectividad, eficiencia y satisfacción de los estudiantes; y la implementación de micro-PMUs (µPMUs) en las redes de distribución de Ecuador, una tecnología que mejora la conciencia situacional y fortalece la resiliencia del sistema eléctrico del país, especialmente tras los racionamientos eléctricos de 2024. Con esta publicación, EKSIGMA se establece como un espacio de difusión de investigaciones de alta calidad, cuyo objetivo es contribuir al desarrollo académico y profesional de nuestros lectores. Estamos comprometidos en ofrecer contenidos que fomenten el intercambio de conocimientos y el fortalecimiento de las redes académicas y científicas a nivel nacional e internacional. Agradecemos sinceramente a todos los autores y miembros del consejo editorial que participaron en el proceso de revis…
subject: Editorial Information
  topic: section
subject: Información
  topic: keywords
creator: Editorial, Índice Gestión Editorial
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: I
ending page: III

Situational awareness in Ecuador’s distribution networks using µPMUs
type: item
description: In 2024, Ecuador faced nationwide power rationing triggered by drought and delayed investments, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen situational awareness in distribution networks. This article examines the role of micro-PMUs (µPMUs) as a complement to existing monitoring and proposes an architecture tailored to the Ecuadorian context. A scoping review (2015–2025) of µPMU applications and IEEE C37.118 standards was carried out, together with a documentary analysis of CENACE’s WAMS experience. Based on this, an integrated µPMU architecture was designed for feeders operated by CNEL EP and EEQ, including use cases and ex ante metrics (temporal resolution, TVE, latency). The federated WAMS/WAMPAC+µPMU architecture positions sensors at feeder heads and critical medium-voltage nodes, enabling: (a) faster fault detection and location; (b) voltage and harmonic management to enhance power quality; (c) oscillation monitoring; and (d) secure DER integration. Expected outcomes include reduced fault location times, improved distribution state estimation, and more effective investment prioritization. Feasibility requires redundant telecom, C37.118.2/IEC-61850 interoperability, clear data governance between CENACE and DSOs, and strong cybersecurity. Gradual µPMU adoption in Ecuadorian distribution is technically viable and can enhance resilience, efficiency, and renewable integration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Situational awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecuador
  topic: keywords
subject: micro-PMU
  topic: keywords
subject: Distribution networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Ssynchrophasors
  topic: keywords
creator: Jesús Méndez Duran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 78
ending page: 91

Proposal for a Green IT Model for the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello Based on ISO/IEC 38500 and 14000 Standards en las normas ISO/IEC 38500 y 14000
type: item
description: The intensive use of technologies in educational institutions has increased energy consumption and electronic waste. This study proposes a Green IT model for the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, based on ISO/IEC 38500 and ISO 14000 standards, to improve technological sustainability. A qualitative, exploratory-descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted using interviews, direct observation, and document analysis, complemented by surveys applied to 9 key participants. The diagnosis showed that 70% of students are familiar with the Green IT concept, but 85% of technological equipment remains powered on outside academic hours. It was also found that 40% use Energy Star–certified devices and 60% participate in recycling activities. Based on these findings, a three-phase strategic model with monitoring indicators was developed. The results reveal gaps between knowledge and practice, as well as the urgency of institutional policies to promote a sustainable technological culture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green IT
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental management
  topic: keywords
subject: ISO/IEC 38500
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher education
  topic: keywords
creator: Nathaly Girabel Zamora González
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 56
ending page: 77

Implementation of RFID technology for locker control and security in educational environments: The case of the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello.
type: item
description: This research presents the implementation of RFID technology at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello (ISTLT) to enhance security and access control to the faculty lockers. The system is based on the use of the ESP32 microcontroller and the RC522 RFID reader, which allows for more efficient management compared to traditional keys. In the testing phase, it was found that the system responded efficiently to simple tasks, with an average response time of 1.5 seconds per card, but showed delays in resource-intensive tasks, such as uploading files, with an average response time of 2 seconds under load conditions. The overall user satisfaction was "very satisfactory." However, areas for improvement were identified, particularly in hardware and network infrastructure, suggesting that performance could be optimized with a technological upgrade. Periodic evaluations are recommended to ensure the system's performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RFID
  topic: keywords
subject: Access control
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: ESP32 microcontroller
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Marcel Pérez Arizaga
creator: John Simisterra Quiñónez
creator: Lexter Hidalgo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 38
ending page: 55

Hardware Virtualization with Proxmox for Remote Access of Students in the Assembly and Maintenance of Computer Equipment Program at the Luis Tello Technological Institute
type: item
description: This research evaluated the implementation of virtualization with Proxmox at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, aiming to improve remote access to virtualized equipment for students in the Assembly and Maintenance of Computer Equipment program, overcoming the limitations of outdated hardware. A descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was used, applying a literature review and practical laboratory tests with 14 students. The results showed that simple tasks, such as watching videos and participating in forums, were more efficient, while complex tasks, such as uploading files or completing quizzes, experienced delays and errors. The overall satisfaction of the students was "very satisfactory." However, delays were identified in resource-intensive applications, suggesting the need to upgrade the hardware. As future work, it is recommended to improve the hardware and network infrastructure and conduct periodic evaluations to optimize performance and user experience
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Virtualization
  topic: keywords
subject: Proxmox
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote access
  topic: keywords
subject: Hardware
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Mey Fernanda Reyes Ortiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 21
ending page: 37

Evaluation of Quality in Use of a Virtual Learning Environment Based on ISO 25000
type: item
description: This study evaluated the quality in use of the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, applying ISO/IEC 25022 metrics. The objective was to assess effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction perceived by students using the Moodle platform. A mixed-method approach with quantitative predominance was adopted, including SUS questionnaires answered by 14 students and direct observation of critical tasks. Results showed that simple tasks, such as viewing videos and posting in forums, achieved higher effectiveness and efficiency, while complex tasks, such as uploading files or completing quizzes, revealed lower performance in time and error frequency. Nevertheless, overall satisfaction reached a “very satisfactory” level, indicating positive user perception. The weighted final score (7.24/10) classified the VLE’s quality in use as “satisfactory.” It is concluded that although the VLE meets minimum quality requirements, improving complex processes is necessary to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Future work includes periodic evaluations and redesign of operational flows.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality in use
  topic: keywords
subject: ISO/IEC 25022
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual Learning Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Karla Cedeño Wheatley
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 EKSIGMA Ecuadorian Journal of Scientific Knowledge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-15
publication date: 2025-09-15
starting page: 4
ending page: 20