Low-cost automation for improving reliability in institutional hydropneumatic systems: a case study in Esmeraldas, Ecuador

Abstract

This study addresses the improvement of the reliability and continuity of the water supply service at the Instituto Superior Tecnológico Luis Tello, located in Esmeraldas, Ecuador, through the implementation of a low-cost automated hydropneumatic system. The intervention consisted of the design and integration of an electrical control system with programmed alternation of pumps, protection against electrical failures, and monitoring of water level and pressure. The methodological approach was descriptive and explanatory, focusing on the functional evaluation of the system before and after automation. The results showed significant improvements in water pressure, especially in the higher floors of the building, with an increase of up to 175%. Additionally, the protection system against electrical failures prevented damage to the equipment and ensured operational continuity. Automation resulted in a 40% reduction in operational costs, mainly due to energy savings and reduced maintenance costs. However, areas for improvement were identified, such as the lack of continuous monitoring, which could be addressed in future research by integrating IoT technologies and remote monitoring.